27 形容词+动词不定式/that从句/介词结构

 

A duedue toowing tocertainsureboundconfidentdue用于指时间,和动词不定式连用:

The race is due to start in ten minutes

还有十分钟赛马就该开始了。

due也可以单独使用:

The plane was dueinat sixIt is an hour overdue

飞机应该是6点到,现在已误点一小时了。

due to(介词)意为“是……的结果”,“由于……”:

The accident was due to carelessness

这起车祸是由粗心造成的。

owing to意为“由于……”,“因为……”:

Owing to his carelessness we had an accident

由于他的粗心大意,我们出了车祸。

due to必须置于主语+动词之后,但英国人常常粗心大意地在句首应该使用owing to时错用了due to

certainsure与动词不定式连用,表达说话人的判断。bound也可用在此处:

Tom is certain/sure/bound to win

汤姆肯定会赢。(说话人对此很有把握。)

但是主语+certain/surethat从句结构则表达主语的判断:Tom is sure that he will win

汤姆确信他能获胜。(汤姆对于获胜有十分把握。)

confident that如上面所说可代替certain/sure that,但confident不能放在动词不定式之前。

surecertainconfident均可放在of+名词/代词或动名词之前:Unless youre early you cant be sure of getting a seat.除非你早去,否则你不会有座位的。

bound后面可跟动词不定式,但不能跟that从句。

bound+动词不定式也有“有义务做”的意思:

According to the contract we are bound to supply the materials

按照合同我们必须提供材料。

B afraidof),ashamedof),sorryfor/about

afraid ofashamed ofsorry for/about+名词/代名词或动名词的例子如:

She is afraid of heights/of falling

她怕登高/摔下来。

He was ashamed of himselffor behaving so badly/ashamed of behavingso badly

他为自己的无礼行为感到羞愧。

Im sorry for breaking your window

对不起,我打碎了你的窗户。(道歉)

Im sorry about your window

关于你的窗户的事我很抱歉。(道歉/懊悔)

Im sorry for Peter

我为彼得感到遗憾。(遗憾)

afraidashamedsorry均可位于动词不定式之前:

She was afraid to speak

她怕开口说话。(她没说话。)

Id be ashamed to take his money

我不好意思拿他的钱。(我没拿钱。)

Im sorry to say that we have no news

我很抱歉地告诉你,我们没得到消息。

或位于that从句之前:

Im ashamed that Ive nothing better to offer you

我很不好意思,我没有更好的东西送给你。

Shes afraidthathe wont believe her

她怕他不信任她。(担心)

Im afraidthatwe have no news

恐怕没有消息。(懊悔)

Im sorrythatyou cant come

真遗憾,你来不了。

(关于这三种结构意思上的区别,参见第271节。关于Imafraid not/so,参见第347节。)

C anxiousabout),anxious+动词不定式,anxious thatanxious(+about+名词/代名词)意为“焦虑”:

Im anxiousabout Tom).His plane is overdue

我很(为汤姆)着急。他乘的飞机误点了。

be anxious(+for+名词/代名词)+动词不定式意为“急欲/希望”:

Im very anxiousfor himto see the Carnival

我非常希望(他)去看狂欢节。

anxiousthat…+should结构可用于非常正式的英语中:

The committee is anxious that this matter should be kept secret

委员会切望这件事保密。

D fortunate(幸运的)和lucky(运气好的)既可和that从句连用,也可和动词不定式连用。二者在意思上常有不同。

It is fortunate/lucky that…常常意为“……是件好事”:

Its lucky that Tom has a car

真幸运,汤姆有一辆汽车。

Its lucky that he passed his test

真幸运,他通过驾驶执照考试了。(现在他可以自己开车去火车站/ 带着孩子去海边了等。)

Its lucky for us that he has a car

他有一辆汽车是我们的运气。(他能让我们搭车。)

主语+befortunate/lucky+动词不定式结构仍然强调主语的好运气:

Hes lucky to have a car

他真幸运有一辆汽车了。(许多人没有。)

He was lucky to pass his test

真幸运,他通过考试了。(他实际没有达到所要求的水平。)

is/arefortunate/lucky+动词不定式的现在式主要与静态动词连用,如前面是was/were或后面用的是动词不定式的进行式或完成式,动词的选择范围则较广泛:

You were fortunate to escape unharmed

你真幸运,毫发未伤地逃出来了。

You are lucky to be going by air

你挺幸运的,能乘飞机走。

He is lucky to have sold his house before they decided to build the newairport

他挺运气的,在他们决定要修建新机场之前把房子卖了。

it is lucky(幸运)/unlucky(不幸运的)…结构中可用任何动词的不定式:

It is unlucky to break a mirror

打碎镜子是不吉利的。(会带来坏运气。)

fortunate(幸运的)和unfortunate(不幸运的)不能用于此处,但可用于上述其他结构。而且常用于较正规英语中。

下列形容词可单独使用或与一个名词连用:

I wasnt lucky

我不走运。

Hes fortunate

他挺幸运的。

Thirteens my lucky number

13是我的吉祥数。

Hes a fortunate man

他是个幸运儿。

E possible(可能的),probable(很可能的)和likely(很可能的)可与由it引导的that从句连用。likely也可与主语+动词不定式结构连用:

aIts possible that hell come today.相当于:

bPerhaps hell come/He may come today

今天他可能会来。

aIts probable that hell come today.相当于:

bHell probably come today

今天他大概会来。

在上述的两种情况下,(b)形式要比(a)形式更为常见,但如果想对句中的形容词加以修饰,用that从句会更合宜:

Its just/quite possible that

很可能……

Its not very probable that

不太可能……

以上两种形式对likely来讲是同样有用的:

Its quite likely that hdll come today.相当于:

Hes quite likely to come today

他今天很可能来。

is/are+主语+likely+动词不定式结构是非常有用的,因为它为may提供了一个疑问形式:

Is he likely to ring today

他今天是不是可能打电话来?

当所指的事情比较明显时,possibleprobablelikely后可不用that从句:

Do you think hell sell his house

Its quite possible/probable/likelythat hell sell it).

—你觉得他会把房子卖掉吗?

—很可能(他会把房子卖掉)。

F aware(知道)和conscious(感觉到)与that从句或of+名词/代词或动名词结构连用:

Itll be dangerous

Im aware that Itll be dangerous/Im aware of that

—这将很危险。

—我知道这很危险。/我知道那一点。

I was conscious of being watched.相当于:

I felt that someone was watching me

我意识到了有人在盯着我。

conscious单独使用时,指身体的感觉:

I had only a local anaestheticI was conscious the whole time

我只作了局部麻醉。我一直是有知觉的。